Project Hub /Test & Measurement Instrumentation/Multimeters, Voltmeters & Ammeters/DIY Fire Fighting Robot | Code and Circuit Available

Intermediate

ANALOG / DISCRETE

₹1,500 – ₹5,000

6 – 12 Hours

Partial Kit

DIY Fire Fighting Robot | Code and Circuit Available

A prototype fire-extinguishing robot designed to detect and combat domestic fires in their early phases using IR photodiodes and an ATmega16 microcontroller.

Originally published on ElectronicsForU

View original tutorial

Parts You'll Need

This project is sourced from another site, not written by us — this list is our best match of their components against what we stock, not a verified bill of materials. Always check the original blog (linked above) for the actual parts list before buying.

10pcs - 220 ohm 1/4 W Resistor Set Rs. 39.00
10pcs 5mm RED Diffused Light Emitting Diodes - LEDs Set Rs. 39.00
110 RPM Single Shaft BO Motor – Straight Rs. 99.00
MB102 Adjustable Breadboard Power Supply Module (3.3V & 5V) for Arduino & Raspberry Pi Rs. 139.00
400 Points Mini Solderless Prototype PCB Breadboard High Quality Rs. 89.00
Jumper Wire 10 Pin Male To Male 20cm Rs. 45.00
Jumper Wire 10 Pin Male To Female 20cm Rs. 45.00

Selected: Rs. 0.00

This list includes a generic resistor set as a placeholder — it is not matched to the exact value or part number this circuit needs. The correct one is specified on the original source page linked above; check it before buying.

We don't carry yet: ATmega / AVR chip
Diodes (1N4007 / 1N4148 / Schottky / Zener)
433 MHz RF Pair
Water Pump / Valve
Enclosure / Box / Case

Browse all components

How It Works

The DIY Fire Fighting Robot operates as an autonomous, embedded measurement and response system centered around an ATmega16 microcontroller. The core sensing mechanism relies on strategically placed IR photodiodes connected to the microcontroller, which act as optical detectors to monitor environmental changes and locate the presence of a flame signature. Because flame sources emit infrared radiation, changes in ambient IR levels alter the electrical properties of the photodiodes, allowing the ATmega16 to read these analog fluctuations using its internal Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) channels. Once the microcontroller processes the sensor data and identifies a target, it can coordinate movement across the sensor board chassis. Additionally, a pair of 433MHz RF transmitter-receiver modules enables wireless communication, allowing remote command triggers or telemetry updates between the robot and a separate control station. Upon reaching the target area, the ATmega16 triggers a relay or switching circuit to activate a small DC water pump, drawing liquid from an onboard water container to extinguish the detected fire. Power is supplied to the microcontroller, motors, and pump via an integrated power supply system, while discrete components like LEDs and 1MΩ pull-up or current-limiting resistors ensure proper signal conditioning and status indication across the entire custom circuit.

Why Build This

Gain hands-on engineering experience integrating analog sensors, microcontrollers, and wireless RF modules for autonomous robotic applications.

Develop practical skills in embedded C programming by implementing ADC readings and threshold-based decision-making algorithms on an ATmega16.

Understand mechatronic system design by combining signal processing, motor control, and fluid actuation via an onboard DC water pump.

Real-World Application

Early-stage domestic fire detection and automated initial suppression to prevent major accidents.

Skills You'll Learn

ATmega16 ADC reading

analog sensor integration

433MHz RF communication

DC water pump control

embedded C programming

threshold detection logic

Safety Precautions

The prototype body is not fire-proof; actual deployment requires fire-resistant materials and caution around open flames and water pumps.

Technology Tags

ROBOTICS

IR SENSORS

ATMEGA16

RF MODULE

DC WATER PUMP

MICROCONTROLLER

SENSORS

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I use a different microcontroller than the ATmega16?

Yes, though the project is designed around the ATmega16, you can port the source code to other microcontrollers like an ATmega32 or an Arduino board, provided it has sufficient ADC channels and general-purpose I/O pins for the sensors and RF modules.

How do the IR photodiodes actually detect a fire?

Flames emit significant amounts of infrared radiation. The IR photodiodes convert this optical radiation into variable electrical currents, which the ATmega16 reads through its ADC to determine the direction and intensity of the heat source.

What is the purpose of the 433MHz RF modules?

The 433MHz transmitter and receiver modules provide a wireless communication link, allowing you to remotely monitor the robot's status or send manual override commands from a distance.

Gallery

This page is part of Kitkraft's Project Hub — a curated collection of electronics & robotics projects gathered from the maker community to help students and hobbyists discover and learn to build. Kitkraft does not claim authorship of the original project, and makes no representation as to the accuracy, completeness or safety of third-party source material. The summary and "How It Works" explanation above are AI-generated, rewritten with reference to the original tutorial — not a reproduction of it. Full credit and a direct link to the original source are provided above. If you're the original creator and have a concern about how your work is represented here, please contact us and we'll address it promptly.

Kitkraft Project Hub — curated from the maker community, credited at the source.

PRJ-01140