Object detection - ESP32 Camera Acts As A sentry

The ESP32 camera module serves as the primary vision sensor for the sentry system, capturing real-time video frames and transmitting them over Wi-Fi to a remote computer. On the remote system, an AI script runs object detection models to analyze the incoming visual data. When the software detects multiple people, it triggers a control signal back to the hardware. This digital command interfaces with a 555 timer integrated circuit configured to manage local timing logic. The 555 timer output drives a BC547 NPN transistor pair, which acts as a solid-state switch to supply sufficient current to actuate the 5v relay. The relay acts as an electromechanical switch capable of triggering external security alarms, lights, or deterrent mechanisms. Power regulation is handled by an HT7333 or LM1117 3.3V voltage regulator, which steps down the battery voltage to provide a stable 3.3V supply required by the ESP32 camera board. Meanwhile, a 470uF capacitor and a 10nF capacitor help filter voltage transients and stabilize the power rails during high-current wireless transmission bursts. A 100K variable resistor allows manual adjustment of circuit parameters such as timing thresholds or signal biasing for the timer and transistor stages, completing an integrated edge-AI and hardware automation loop.