Project Hub /Basic Analog & Power Electronics/Power Supplies & Voltage Regulators/Smart Home Energy Management System

Intermediate

ESP32

₹5,000 – ₹15,000

6 – 12 Hours

Partial Kit

Smart Home Energy Management System

A smart home energy management prototype that divides a house into sectors and intelligently switches between renewable energy sources and the power grid to ensure uninterrupted power supply and maximize savings.

Originally published on CircuitDigest

View original tutorial

Parts You'll Need

This project is sourced from another site, not written by us — this list is our best match of their components against what we stock, not a verified bill of materials. Always check the original blog (linked above) for the actual parts list before buying.

USB to UART/ESP8266 Adapter Programmer for ESP-01 WiFi Modules with CH340G Chip Rs. 99.00
ESP32-C3 Development Board with Berg Pins - Unsoldered Rs. 390.00
5V 1 Channel Relay Module Rs. 45.00
400 Points Mini Solderless Prototype PCB Breadboard High Quality Rs. 89.00
MB102 Adjustable Breadboard Power Supply Module (3.3V & 5V) for Arduino & Raspberry Pi Rs. 139.00
Jumper Wire 10 Pin Male To Male 20cm Rs. 45.00
Jumper Wire 10 Pin Male To Female 20cm Rs. 45.00

Selected: Rs. 0.00

We don't carry yet: Battery (generic / unspecified)
Energy Meter / Power Monitor
Logic Level Shifter
Supercap / UPS / Power Bank Module

Browse all components

How It Works

The Smart Home Energy Management System coordinates power distribution across a residential setup using an ESP32S3 BOX3 and an ESP32 DevKit v1 running ESP-IDF and FreeRTOS. To monitor energy consumption and generation in real time, the system uses four Peacefair PZEM-004T modules to track electrical parameters. Because these sensors communicate over UART and the ESP32 requires channel management, a 7Semi UART MUX-DEMUX breakout board multiplexes the serial data streams. Voltage logic differences between the microcontrollers and peripheral modules are bridged using two 5V-3V3 bidirectional level shifters. For power source regulation, the system incorporates a 3S Lithium-Ion Battery paired with a 12V DC-AC Inverter to handle backup and renewable energy storage. When switching between the local battery/inverter supplies and the main electrical feed, two 4-channel relay modules actuate physical power routing paths based on real-time decisions made by the microcontroller firmware.

Why Build This

Design and program a real-time embedded power distribution system utilizing FreeRTOS tasks on an ESP32 architecture.

Implement multi-sensor data acquisition over UART using multiplexing hardware to handle multiple Peacefair power monitors simultaneously.

Develop practical competencies in integrating low-voltage microcontrollers with high-power relay switching and AC inverter supplies.

Real-World Application

Optimizing residential power consumption in regions with unreliable grid infrastructure by intelligently blending solar/renewable power, battery storage, and grid electricity.

Skills You'll Learn

UART multiplexing

logic level translation

multi-channel relay control

power source switching logic

AC power measurement

real-time operating system task management

Safety Precautions

Exercise caution when working with mains AC voltages (240V 50Hz) and high-power inverter outputs to avoid electric shock.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is a UART MUX-DEMUX breakout board required?

The four Peacefair PZEM-004T sensors communicate via serial UART, and the MUX-DEMUX board allows the microcontroller to selectively talk to each sensor without hardware serial port conflicts.

What is the purpose of the 5V-3V3 bidirectional level shifters?

They safely translate logic voltage levels between the 3.3V ESP32 hardware and 5V peripherals to prevent signal degradation or hardware damage.

How does FreeRTOS assist in this energy management system?

FreeRTOS allows the ESP32 to run concurrent tasks, such as simultaneously polling power meters, processing inverter states, and evaluating relay switching conditions without blocking execution.

Gallery

This page is part of Kitkraft's Project Hub — a curated collection of electronics & robotics projects gathered from the maker community to help students and hobbyists discover and learn to build. Kitkraft does not claim authorship of the original project, and makes no representation as to the accuracy, completeness or safety of third-party source material. The summary and "How It Works" explanation above are AI-generated, rewritten with reference to the original tutorial — not a reproduction of it. Full credit and a direct link to the original source are provided above. If you're the original creator and have a concern about how your work is represented here, please contact us and we'll address it promptly.

Kitkraft Project Hub — curated from the maker community, credited at the source.

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