Project Hub /Basic Analog & Power Electronics/Discrete & Component Electronics/Smart Power Management System

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ESP32

₹5,000 – ₹15,000

6 – 12 Hours

Partial Kit

Smart Power Management System

A smart electrical outlet and energy monitor powered by the ESP32-S3 that tracks real-time voltage, current, and wattage, uses Edge AI for fault detection, and integrates with Google Gemini for automated energy analysis.

Originally published on CircuitDigest

View original tutorial

Parts You'll Need

This project is sourced from another site, not written by us — this list is our best match of their components against what we stock, not a verified bill of materials. Always check the original blog (linked above) for the actual parts list before buying.

ESP32-C3 Development Board with Berg Pins - Unsoldered Rs. 390.00
5V 1 Channel Relay Module Rs. 45.00
10pcs 5mm RED Diffused Light Emitting Diodes - LEDs Set Rs. 39.00
DC Motor Plastic Fan Blade Rs. 19.00
10pcs - 220 ohm 1/4 W Resistor Set Rs. 39.00
400 Points Mini Solderless Prototype PCB Breadboard High Quality Rs. 89.00
MB102 Adjustable Breadboard Power Supply Module (3.3V & 5V) for Arduino & Raspberry Pi Rs. 139.00
Jumper Wire 10 Pin Male To Male 20cm Rs. 45.00
Jumper Wire 10 Pin Male To Female 20cm Rs. 45.00

Selected: Rs. 0.00

This list includes a generic resistor set as a placeholder — it is not matched to the exact value or part number this circuit needs. The correct one is specified on the original source page linked above; check it before buying.

We don't carry yet: Voltage Sensor Module
Current Sensor ACS712
LiPo Battery
Transistors (BC547 / 2N2222 / TIP / MOSFET)
12v to 5v UBEC convertor

Browse all components

How It Works

The Smart Power Management System operates by combining precise electrical sensing with intelligent microcontroller processing. At its core, the system utilizes an ESP32-S3-Box-3 to orchestrate data collection and communication. To monitor power consumption, the ZMPT101B AC voltage sensor module and the ACS712 current sensor module measure the alternating current parameters from the mains supply powering the 240V incandescent light bulb and fan regulator. These analog signals are processed by the microcontroller to calculate real-time wattage and energy usage. A 5V 1-channel relay module, driven by a 2N2222 NPN transistor and associated resistors, acts as an electronic switch to safely control the high-voltage load based on automated commands or edge intelligence. The system relies on a stable power architecture where an 11.1V 4200mAh 3S1P LiPo battery supplies power, stepped down efficiently to a usable 5V level via a 12V to 5V UBEC converter. Software-wise, the setup runs within the Arduino IDE or PlatformIO ecosystem, leveraging TensorFlow Lite Micro for on-device edge AI fault detection. Collected telemetry data is transmitted via MQTT protocols and processed with Python, Flask, and SQLite backends, allowing users to view energy analytics and generate performance plots using Matplotlib.

Why Build This

Develop advanced undergraduate-level competencies in integrating embedded machine learning, power electronics, and IoT dashboarding for real-time household energy monitoring and automated fault protection.

Gain practical engineering experience in interfacing high-voltage AC sensors with low-voltage DC microcontrollers safely and effectively.

Implement automated power control circuits using relays, transistors, and step-down power conversion architectures.

Real-World Application

Household energy management, phantom load detection, automated electrical fault protection, and smart grid sub-metering.

Skills You'll Learn

AC voltage sensing

current measurement

relay control

transistor switching

power conversion

edge AI deployment

MQTT communication

web backend development

database logging

data visualization

Safety Precautions

Make sure the AC plug is UNPLUGGED while wiring high-voltage AC mains. Exercise extreme caution when working with 240V AC circuits.

Technology Tags

ESP32

FREERTOS

TFLITE MICRO

PYTHON

FLASK

SQLITE

MQTT

TENSORFLOW

IOT

TOUCHSCREEN

EDGE AI

Frequently Asked Questions

How do the ZMPT101B and ACS712 sensors safely interface with the ESP32?

These sensors are designed to isolate high-voltage AC measurements and output scaled, safe low-voltage analog signals that can be directly read by the microcontroller's analog inputs.

Why is a 2N2222 NPN transistor used with the relay module?

The ESP32 digital output pins cannot supply enough current to directly drive the electromagnetic coil of the relay module; the NPN transistor acts as a current amplifier to switch the relay safely.

What is the purpose of the 12V to 5V UBEC converter in this setup?

The UBEC steps down the voltage from the 11.1V LiPo battery to a stable 5V rail required to power the logic boards and peripheral modules reliably without voltage sags.

Gallery

This page is part of Kitkraft's Project Hub — a curated collection of electronics & robotics projects gathered from the maker community to help students and hobbyists discover and learn to build. Kitkraft does not claim authorship of the original project, and makes no representation as to the accuracy, completeness or safety of third-party source material. The summary and "How It Works" explanation above are AI-generated, rewritten with reference to the original tutorial — not a reproduction of it. Full credit and a direct link to the original source are provided above. If you're the original creator and have a concern about how your work is represented here, please contact us and we'll address it promptly.

Kitkraft Project Hub — curated from the maker community, credited at the source.

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