Wireless Ultrasonic Radar System with Arduino

The Wireless Ultrasonic Radar System operates by splitting its architecture into two distinct subsystems: a rotating sensor node and a remote display receiver. At the sensor node, an Arduino Nano coordinates the physical scanning motion and distance calculations. An HC-SR04 ultrasonic distance measurement sensor emits high-frequency sound waves and listens for the echo to calculate the distance to nearby objects based on the time of flight. To achieve a radar-like sweep, the sensor is typically panned across a 0 to 180-degree range. Once the Arduino Nano gathers the distance and corresponding angular position, it packages this data and passes it to an HC-12 wireless UART RF transceiver module. The HC-12 module wirelessly transmits the telemetry data through radio frequencies to a matching receiver node. On the receiving end, another HC-12 module captures the incoming serial data stream. A second microcontroller (or processing unit connected to the display system) receives this data and drives a large 10.9cm (4.3-inch) SPI TFT LCD with a 480x320 resolution. The screen dynamically plots the detected obstacles in a polar or Cartesian coordinate system, mimicking a classic radar sweep in real time. The entire circuit is powered by a stable external power supply to ensure reliable transmission and clear display rendering.