Designing a Smartwatch using ESP32 Part 3 - Magnetometer and Gyroscope

In this project, the ESP32 microcontroller serves as the central processing unit for a DIY smartwatch, gathering data from motion and orientation sensors to display on a TFT screen. The system utilizes the I2C communication protocol via the Wire library to interface with two key sensors: the MPU6050 accelerometer/gyroscope module and the HMC5883L or QMC5883L magnetometer module. The MPU6050 measures acceleration forces and rotational velocity, allowing the device to track dynamic movement, tilts, and orientation changes. Meanwhile, the magnetometer measures Earth's magnetic field to provide compass heading data, acting much like a digital navigation tool. The ESP32 reads these incoming sensor values continuously through its I2C pins. Once processed, the microcontroller formats this orientation and motion data and sends it to the SPI-based TFT display using the TFT_eSPI library. This allows real-time visual feedback of the sensor readings directly on the miniature wearable screen. Power and signal distribution are managed across a breadboard using jumper wires, connecting the sensors and display to the ESP32 DevKit v1 while relying on the Arduino IDE for code compilation and deployment.