In-Depth: How Accelerometer works? Interface ADXL335 with Arduino

The ADXL335 accelerometer is an analog sensor that measures acceleration and tilt along three physical axes (X, Y, and Z) using microscopic mechanical structures known as MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems). Inside the sensor, tiny movable masses shift position when subjected to gravitational forces or sudden movements, changing internal electrical capacitances. These changes are converted into analog voltage outputs for each of the three axes. To use the module, you mount it on a breadboard and connect its X, Y, and Z output pins to the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) pins on an Arduino board using jumper wires. The Arduino board reads these variable analog voltages, which directly correspond to the magnitude and direction of the forces acting on the sensor. By writing a program in the Arduino IDE, you can convert these raw voltage readings into measurable units of acceleration or calculate tilt angles. This setup allows your microcontroller to continuously monitor dynamic physical motion, vibration, or stationary orientation changes in real time.