Project Hub /IoT & Connected Devices/Health Monitoring System/Low-Cost Smart Agriculture System

Intermediate

ESP8266

₹1,500 – ₹5,000

3 – 6 Hours

Partial Kit

Low-Cost Smart Agriculture System

An IoT-based smart agriculture system that monitors soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and light intensity to automate watering and detect animal movement.

Originally published on ElectronicsForU

View original tutorial

Parts You'll Need

This project is sourced from another site, not written by us — this list is our best match of their components against what we stock, not a verified bill of materials. Always check the original blog (linked above) for the actual parts list before buying.

NodeMCU ESP8266 WIFI development board based on CP2102 Rs. 660.00
Soil Moisture Sensor Rs. 75.00
LDR Light Sensor Module Rs. 49.00
DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor Module for Arduino Raspberry Pi Rs. 243.00
5V 1 Channel Relay Module Rs. 87.00
400 Points Mini Solderless Prototype PCB Breadboard High Quality Rs. 89.00
MB102 Adjustable Breadboard Power Supply Module (3.3V & 5V) for Arduino & Raspberry Pi Rs. 139.00
Jumper Wire 10 Pin Male To Male 20cm Rs. 45.00
Jumper Wire 10 Pin Male To Female 20cm Rs. 45.00

Selected: Rs. 0.00

We don't carry yet: Flex / Force / Pressure Sensor
Logic ICs (74xx / 40xx)
Solenoid / Electric Lock
1 analog

Browse all components

How It Works

The Low-Cost Smart Agriculture System operates as an automated, IoT-enabled monitoring and irrigation network centered around the NodeMCU ESP8266 Wi-Fi module. Environmental data is gathered continuously using several integrated sensors: a DHT11 sensor tracks ambient temperature and humidity, an LDR measures surrounding light intensity, and multiple soil moisture sensors (SS1 to SS4) gauge moisture levels across different zones. Because the ESP8266 has a limited number of analog input pins, the 74HC4067 high-speed CMOS multiplexer is utilized to expand the microcontroller's reading capacity, allowing it to seamlessly cycle through the multiple soil moisture inputs. Additionally, a vibration sensor (VS1) monitors the physical surroundings for any abnormal disturbances, such as animal movement near the crops. The NodeMCU processes these incoming digital and analog signals and connects to the internet via local Wi-Fi, transmitting the telemetry data directly to the Adafruit IoT platform for remote visualization and logging. When soil moisture drops below a designated threshold, or based on automated dashboard commands, the microcontroller triggers a relay module (RM1). This relay acts as an electrically isolated electronic switch to control a higher-power water solenoid valve, regulating the flow of irrigation water to hydrate the soil efficiently without manual intervention.

Why Build This

Design and deploy an undergraduate-level IoT sensor network that integrates cloud connectivity with local hardware automation.

Implement scalable analog signal multiplexing to overcome microcontroller pin limitations in multi-sensor agricultural applications.

Gain practical engineering experience in automated crop irrigation control and animal intrusion detection using relay switching.

Real-World Application

Suitable for indoor plants in buildings, greenhouse farming, and regular farming to automate irrigation and protect crops.

Skills You'll Learn

Wi-Fi microcontroller programming

analog multiplexing

sensor signal acquisition

relay-based load switching

cloud IoT dashboard integration

Safety Precautions

Exercise caution when working with AC-voltage-operated lights and solenoid valves connected to relay modules.

Technology Tags

IOT

WI-FI

SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR

DHT11

LDR

VIBRATION SENSOR

SOLENOID VALVE

RELAY MODULE

MULTIPLEXER 74HC4067

ADAFRUIT IO

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is a 74HC4067 multiplexer required in this circuit?

The NodeMCU ESP8266 board features only a single analog input pin. The 74HC4067 multiplexer allows the microcontroller to sequentially read multiple analog sensors, such as soil moisture sensors SS1 through SS4, using digital select lines.

How does the Adafruit IoT platform interact with the NodeMCU?

The NodeMCU connects to your local Wi-Fi network and uses internet protocols to push sensor data up to the Adafruit IoT cloud dashboard, where you can view live readings and remotely send control commands back to the device.

Can this system control high-voltage water valves safely?

Yes, the relay module (RM1) provides electrical isolation between the low-voltage ESP8266 control logic and the higher-voltage water solenoid valve, though proper caution must be exercised if using AC-powered components.

Gallery

This page is part of Kitkraft's Project Hub — a curated collection of electronics & robotics projects gathered from the maker community to help students and hobbyists discover and learn to build. Kitkraft does not claim authorship of the original project, and makes no representation as to the accuracy, completeness or safety of third-party source material. The summary and "How It Works" explanation above are AI-generated, rewritten with reference to the original tutorial — not a reproduction of it. Full credit and a direct link to the original source are provided above. If you're the original creator and have a concern about how your work is represented here, please contact us and we'll address it promptly.

Kitkraft Project Hub — curated from the maker community, credited at the source.

PRJ-00336