Obstacle Avoiding Car Using Arduino

The Obstacle Avoiding Car using Arduino functions as a fully autonomous mobile robot by combining sensing, processing, and movement. At the heart of the system is the Arduino Uno, which executes the control code and coordinates all hardware components. Power is supplied by a 12V Li-ion battery, regulated safely down by the LM2596 DC-DC buck converter to protect the electronics, with a master power switch for easy control. When the system is running, the HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor measures distances to objects in front of the vehicle by emitting high-frequency sound waves and timing how long they take to bounce back. To expand this field of view, the sensor is physically mounted on an MG90 metal gear servo motor, which sweeps the sensor left and right to scan the environment. The Arduino reads these distance measurements and decides the best path forward. If an obstacle is detected too close, the Arduino signals the L298N motor driver, which acts as an electronic power bridge to control the speed and direction of the motors on the 2WD laser-cut chassis. The car can then reverse, turn, or find a clear path. Additionally, 3x RGB LEDs are wired into the circuit to provide visual feedback, changing colors or patterns to reflect the current operational state of the robot, such as moving forward, scanning, or turning away from an obstacle.