pH Measurement in Hydroponics System using ESP32

The pH Measurement in Hydroponics System using ESP32 monitors the acidity and alkalinity of nutrient solutions using an E201 BNC pH sensor connected to an ESP32 development board. The E201 BNC sensor immerses in the liquid nutrients and generates a small analog voltage potential that correlates directly with the hydrogen ion concentration (pH level) of the solution. Because the ESP32 features built-in Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) channels, it can read this analog voltage signal directly or via an appropriate signal conditioning module interface. The ESP32 development board processes this incoming voltage data using code compiled and uploaded through the Arduino IDE or compatible programming environment. Additionally, a touch sensor is integrated into the circuit, allowing users to physically interact with the device to trigger specific functions, such as initiating a manual reading or recalibrating the sensor. By continuously tracking these pH values, the microcontroller gathers essential telemetry data that can be leveraged for automated greenhouse monitoring, smart agriculture, and precision farming applications to ensure optimal nutrient uptake for plants.