Smart Trolley Robot using Arduino

The Smart Trolley Robot is an electromechanical system centrally controlled by an Arduino Uno microcontroller. Power is supplied by a pack of four 18650 3.7V batteries housed in a battery holder, delivering the necessary voltage to drive the electronics and motors. Wireless communication is handled by the Bluetooth HC-05 module, which pairs with an Android smartphone application. When a user inputs a movement command on the smartphone app, the Bluetooth module receives the wireless data and transmits it serially to the Arduino Uno. The Arduino processes these incoming commands and sends appropriate logic control signals to the L298N motor driver (IC1). Because the microcontroller's digital output pins cannot supply the high current required by inductive loads, the L298N motor driver acts as an intermediary, utilizing an external power source to regulate and deliver sufficient current to the two 12V, 500 RPM geared DC motors (M1 and M2). These motors independently drive the 100mm diameter tyres, allowing the wooden plank chassis to move forward, reverse, turn, or stop. A small castor wheel is mounted to the underside of the chassis to provide stabilization and smooth turning maneuvers, completing a mobile robotic platform controlled entirely from a remote device.