Super Capacitors for Atmanirbhar and Swachh Bharat (Wall Clock Power Supply)

This project implements a sustainable, battery-free power supply for a standard household wall clock using solar photovoltaic (PV) panels and high-capacity supercapacitors. During daylight hours, the solar PV panels absorb light energy and convert it into electrical current. This electrical energy is directed into the supercapacitors, which act as electrostatic energy storage devices capable of holding a large electrical charge (such as 100F or 500F ratings). Unlike traditional chemical batteries that rely on slow, degradation-prone redox reactions, supercapacitors store energy physically through electrostatic charge separation, allowing them to charge rapidly and undergo countless cycles without significant capacity loss. A dummy cell is used in the clock's battery compartment to physically adapt the circuit, allowing the stored energy from the supercapacitors to interface seamlessly with the clock's power terminals. As the supercapacitors store energy during the day, they continuously discharge a steady, low-current supply to keep the wall clock running reliably, even through periods of darkness or low ambient light.