Obstacle Avoiding Robot With High Torque Servo Motor

The Obstacle Avoiding Robot is an autonomous vehicle built around an Arduino UNO microcontroller, powered by a LiPo battery, and constructed on an acrylic sheet chassis. Mobility is provided by four gear motors connected to four wheels, driven by a motor driver shield that interfaces between the low-voltage control signals of the Arduino and the higher power requirements of the motors. Mounted at the front of the robot is an ultrasonic sensor attached to a sensor stand and actuated by a high-torque servo motor. The ultrasonic sensor continuously measures distance by emitting high-frequency sound waves and calculating the time it takes for the echo to return from any objects ahead. These distance readings are processed by the Arduino UNO. When the path is clear, the robot commands all four gear motors to move forward. If an obstacle is detected within a certain threshold distance, the robot stops, and the servo motor swivels the ultrasonic sensor left and right to scan alternative directions. The Arduino evaluates these spatial readings to determine which direction has more clearance, allowing the robot to steer away from the hazard before resuming its forward motion. Male and female jumper wires are used to securely interconnect the sensors, motors, shield, and microcontroller.